COVID-19 Clinical Presentation Among HIV-Infected Persons in China: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The impact of HIV infection on the natural history of COVID-19 is unknown, given the recency of the human spread of SARS-CoV-2 (CoV). We reviewed published case series/reports of CoV-HIV coinfections to clarify epidemiologic and clinical features in China, the first nation with pandemic experience. RECENT FINDINGS: Assuming that HIV-infected persons were at average risk of CoV infection in Wuhan, we estimated HIV-CoV coinfected persons to number 412 (95%CI: 381-442); our review encompassed an estimated 16.7% (69/412) of Wuhan. Men (many of whom reported sex with other men) accounted for 71.1% (54/76) of the cases reported in China. The median age was 48.0 years old (range 24-77, interquartile:37-57). The median CD4+ cell count at the last clinical visit was 421 cells/µL; 83.0% had an undetectable viral load. Among 31 patients with clinical details reported, fatigue (41.9%), respiratory distress (41.9%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (26.7%) were most common. Among the 52 cases reporting COVID-19 clinical severity, 46.2% were severe, 44.2% mild, and 9.6% asymptomatic COVID-19. Late antiretroviral therapy (ART) was reported by 30.4% (7/23) among whom 57.1% (4/7) were confirmed as severe COVID-19. The case fatality rate was 9.1% (3/33). Severe disease and death were less common among persons who took ART prior to the COVID-19 diagnosis. Of 16 reported IL-6 results, 68.7% were within the normal range. Earlier use of ART was associated with a better COVID-19 prognosis with CoV-HIV co-infection reported from China through early 2021, but small sample sizes limit definitive conclusions.

Immune characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coinfection: A case report and mini-review.

Since its first appearance in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread throughout the world and has become a global pandemic. It remains unclear whether people living with human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 and severe disease manifestation; until now, the evidence regarding the outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in people living with human immunodeficiency virus is still limited and conflicting. The clinical characteristics of seven patients of family cluster-onset coronavirus disease 2019 were reported, including the immune characteristics of one patient of human immunodeficiency virus/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coinfection. In the patients of human immunodeficiency virus/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coinfection, about 2 weeks after infection, it was observed that CD4 and CD8 count showed a downward trend and that of CD8 is more obvious; at the same time, lymphocytes showed a slight increase. CD4, CD8, and lymphocytes are in the plateau period from the second week to the fourth week. About 4 weeks after infection, all showed an increase, in which anti-coronavirus combined with antiviral therapy were given. The time for Nucleic Acid Testing to present as negative was 51 days. The other six patients in the family were non-human immunodeficiency virus infected, the familial cluster received parallel treatment, and the median time for the Nucleic Acid Testing to present as negative was 29 days. The patient of human immunodeficiency virus/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coinfection presents an immune state of CD4's and CD8's dual lymphatic depletion. Human immunodeficiency virus should still be regarded as an important factor in future risk stratification models for coronavirus disease 2019.

A case report of human immunodeficiency virus combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) infection, and its spread speed Fast, the crowd is generally susceptible [1]. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus).

Social Media Survey and Web Posting Assessment of the COVID-19 Response in China: Health Worker Attitudes Toward Preparedness and Personal Protective Equipment Shortages.

BACKGROUND: Understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses toward emerging infectious threats, like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Availability of accessible personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital to effective care and prevention. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from February 24 to 28, 2020, to assess COVID-19 preparedness among health workers. In addition, we assessed trends from search engine web crawling and text-mining data trending over the Sina Weibo platform from January 1 to March 3, 2020. Data were abstracted on Chinese outbreak preparedness. RESULTS: In the survey, we engaged 6350 persons, of whom 1065 agreed to participate, and after an eligibility logic check, 1052 participated (16.6%). We accessed 412 internet posts as to PPE availability. Health workers who were satisfied with current preparedness to address COVID-19 were more likely to be female, to obtain knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak from government organizations, and to consider their hospital prepared for outbreak management. Health workers with more confidence in their abilities to respond were those with more faith in their institution's response capacities. Elements of readiness included having airborne infection isolation rooms, visitor control procedures, and training in precautions and PPE use. Both survey and web post assessments suggested that health workers in need were unable to reliably obtain PPE. CONCLUSIONS: Health workers' self-confidence depends on perceived institutional readiness. Failure to maintain available PPE inventory for emerging infectious diseases preparedness suggests a failure to learn key lessons from the 2003-2004 SARS outbreak in China.